Use of restorative materials for direct and indirect restorations in posterior teeth by Brazilian dentists

Introduction: Often, dentists perform procedures aiming at more esthetical than long-term clinical performance of restorations. Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of use of different direct and indirect restorative materials in posterior teeth. Material and methods: In 2004, a questionnaire was applied to 486 dentists living at five geographical regions of Brazil. The dentists answered a questionnaire containing four questions, in which they reported the most widely used restorative material for direct (amalgam, composite resin, and glass ionomer) and indirect restorations (gold, silver, and copper/aluminum alloys, indirect resin composites, and ceramics) and specified the reason for using the material type selected. Results: In 2004, amalgam was the direct restorative material most used by dentists at almost all regions, except from South region, where resin composite was the most used. Esthetics was the main reason stated for the use of resin composites. As for indirect restorations, metallic restorations were the most used in Northeast (77.8%). No differences were found regarding the material type use between metallic and aesthetic materials at North, Southeast and Center-West regions. At South region, esthetic restorations were the most used. Conclusion: Despite the limitations of this present study, direct and indirect metallic restorations were the most common materials in 2004.

Condições de saúde de pacientes do gênero feminino com dependência química / Health conditions of female patients with chemical dependency

O presente estudo avaliou as condições gerais e bucais de saúde de pacientes do gênero feminino mantidas em um programa para recuperação de dependentes químicos e de pacientes que não utilizaram esses compostos. Utilizando-se de anamnese, avaliações médicas e odontológicas, as condições de saúde de 160 pacientes foram examinadas, das quais 80 apresentavam dependência química e 80 não utilizavam drogas. As drogas mais consumidas foram o tabaco, álcool e crack, quase sempre em diferentes associações. As pacientes com dependência química apresentaram freqüência aumentada de alterações comportamentais, além de diferentes enfermidades envolvendo os sistemas imunológico e cardiovascular, com destaque para as de reações inflamatórias e infecciosas e retardo no processo de reparo tecidual. Na cavidade bucal, verificou-se maior ocorrência de periodontite e gengivite...

This study evaluated the general and oral health conditions of female patients included in a program for recovering drug addiction and patients who did not use drugs. By means of anamnesis and medical history, as well as medical and dental assessments, the health conditions of 160 patients were assessed; 80 presented drug dependence and 80 do not use drugs. The most frequently used drugs were tobacco, alcohol, and crack, usually in associations. The patients presenting chemical dependence had increased frequency of behavioral changes, as well as several diseases involving the immune and cardiovascular systems, de taching infectious and inflammatory reactions and delay in the process of tissue repair. In the oral cavity,it was verified a high occurrence of periodontitis and gingivitis...

Pengifóide benigno de mucosa / Benign pengifóide of mucosa

De etiologia auto-imune, o penfigóide benigno das mucosas é uma doença vesículo-bolhosa rara, que acomete a mucosa de revestimento da cavidade bucal. Este trabalho objetivou relatar um caso clínico onde foram observadas importantes manifestações clínicas, discutindo-se os fatores prognósticos de acordo com a terapêutica disponível.

Mucous membrane pemphigoid is a rare auto immune bullous disease, characterized by involvement of oral mucous membrane. This paper aimed to report a case with important clinical manifestations.

Alterações comportamentais, psicológicas, de higiene bucal e presença de microrganismos superinfectantes e viruses da família Herpesviridae em pacientes mantidas em programa de desintoxicação para dependentes químicos / Behavioral changes, psychological, oral hygiene and presence of superinfecting microorganisms and viruses in the family herpesviridae patients kept in a detoxification program for drug

A dependência de drogas traz sérias conseqüências sistêmicas, econômicas e sociais. Assim, o presente estudo objetivou avaliar a ocorrência de enfermidades em pacientes do gênero feminino com dependência química e a possibilidade da cavidade bucal dessas pacientes se converter em reservatório de microrganismos oportunistas.. Para tanto, foram obtidos dados referentes às condições de saúde sistêmicas, socioeconômicas, consumo de medicamentos, uso de drogas lícitas ou ilícitas de 50 pacientes com dependência química mantidas internadas em clínica de desintoxicação, o mesmo ocorrendo com igual número de pacientes não dependentes. A seguir, foram realizados exames clínicos intra e extrabucais. Amostras de biofilme supra e subgengivais, saliva e das mucosas foram transferidas para água ultrapura. A ocorrência da família Enterobacteriaceae, Enterococcus sp., E. faecalis, E. faecium, Pseudomonas sp., P. aeruginosa e Candida spp., Helicobacter e H. pylori, bem como os viruses HSV-1, CMV e EBV-1 foi avaliada por PCR ou nested PCR. Verificou-se que 94% das pacientes do grupo teste eram usuárias de mais do que uma única droga, sendo o tabaco (92%), bebidas alcoólicas (68%), crack (66%) e cocaína (52%) as mais consumidas, quase sempre em múltiplas associações. Verificou-se maior freqüência de alterações comportamentais e/ou psicológicas no grupo teste, além de dores articulares, infecções oportunistas, cefaléia, fadiga, xerostomia, formigamento das extremidades, anemia, periodontite, perda de peso, retardo do processo de reparo, entre outras. Observou-se freqüência significavente mais elevada de Candida sp., C. albicans, família Enterobacteriaceae, Enterococcus sp., Helicobacter sp., H. pylori, vírus CMV e vírus EBV-1 na saliva das pacientes com dependência química, enquanto no biofilme supragengival verificou-se uma maior proporção de amostras positivas para Candida sp., C. albicans, família Enterobacteriaceae, Enterococcus sp., E. faecalis, Helicobacter sp...

Drug addiction frequently causes serious systemic, economic and social consequences. Thus, the present study aimed at evaluating the occurrence of illnesses in female chemically dependent patients as well as the possibility of their oral cavity becoming potential reservoir for opportunistic microorganisms. For this purpose, data regarding systemic health and socioeconomic status, medication consumption, legal or illegal drug use were obtained from 50 female chemically dependent patients undergoing inpatient detoxification treatment; while the same procedure was carried out with 50 non-addicted females. Subsequently, intra and extra-oral clinical tests were done. Samples from the supra- and subgingival biofilms, saliva and oral mucosa were transferred to ultrapure water. The occurrence of Enterobacteriaceae family, Enterococcus sp., E. faecalis, E. faecium, Pseudomonas sp., P. aeruginosa and Candida sp., Helicobacter and H. pylori, as well as viruses HSV-1, CMV and EBV-1 was evaluated by using PCR or nested PCR. It was verified that 94% of the patients from the chemically dependent group were multiple drug users, being tobacco (92%), alcohol (68%), crack (66%) and cocaine (52%) the most consumed ones. A higher frequency of behavioral and/or psychological alterations was verified in the chemically dependent group, besides articular pain, opportunistic infections, headaches, fatigue, xerostomy, tingling extremities, anemia, periodontitis, weight loss, delay in the repair process, among others. A higher frequency of Candida sp., C. albicans, Enterobacteriaceae family, Enterococcus sp., Helicobacter sp., H. pylori, CMV and EBV-1 viruses was observed in the saliva from the chemically dependent group; while in the supragingival biofilm a higher proportion of positive samples to Candida sp., C. albicans, Enterobacteriaceae family, Enterococcus sp., E. faecalis, Helicobacter sp., H. pylori, Pseudomonas sp., P. aeruginosa and EBV-1 virus was observed. In the...

Ocorrência de Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans no biofilme subgengival de crianças com idade de 6 a 12 anos / Occurrence of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans in subgengival biofilm of children aged 6-12 years old

O presente estudo avaliou as condições gengivais, sócio-econômicas e a ocorrência de A. actinomycetemcomitans em 233 crianças com idade entre 6 e 1 2 anos, em Araçatuba-São Paulo. Na avaliação clínica periodontal foram utilizados os índices de placa e de sangramento a sondagem. A coleta dos espécimes clínicos de biofilme subgengival foi realizada com cones de papel absorvente, que foram introduzidos no interior dos sulcos gengivais sadios ou inflamados, durante 1 minuto, e transferidos para tubos contendo 3ml de VMGA III e para criotubos com 300µl de água ultrapura. As amostras foram cultivadas em ágar TSBV, em anaerobiose, a 37°C, por 3 dias. A presença desse microrganismo também foi avaliada através de PCR com iniciadores específicos. As condições sócio-econômicas da população estudada foram avaliadas por meio de questionário específico. A maioria das crianças estudadas apresentou gengivite. Verificou-se que a baixa renda familiar e o número de crianças na família estão estatisticamente associados com a gengivite nessas crianças, sendo que a ocorrência de A. actinomycetemcomitans não mostrou correlação com as condições gengivais ou sócio-econômicas da população alvo.

The present study evaluated gingival, socioeconomic conditions and the occurrence of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans in 233 children from 6 to 12 years-old in Araçatuba-São Paulo. In the periodontal evaluation the plaque index and bleeding on probing index were used. Subgingival biofilm samples were taken through sterile paper points, which were transfered to VMGA III or to criotubes with 300µl of ultrapure water. Microbial isolation was carried out using TSBV agar and the occurrence of A. actinomycetemcomitans was also determined by mean of PCR using specific primer pairs. The socio-economic conditions were evaluated by specific questionaire. The vast majority of studied children exihibited gingivitis and it was statistically correlated low income, family's children number and the gingival status of the patients. The occurence of A. actinomycetemcomitans did not show any correlation between gingival or socio-economic conditions and target population.

Susceptibility of strict and facultative anaerobes Isolated from endodontic infections to metronidazole and beta-lactams

Endodontic infections are mixed aerobic-anaerobic infections and several microbial groups associated to these pathologies are also involved in orofacial infections. The goal of this study was to evaluate the susceptibility of microorganisms isolated from endodontic infections to beta-lactams and metronidazole and verify the production of beta-lactamases. Clinical specimens were collected from 58 endodontic infections of 52 patients. The microorganisms were isolated in selective and non-selective culture media, under anaerobiosis and aerobiosis, and identified using biochemical methods. In the susceptibility tests, it was used an agar dilution method, and Wilkins-Chalgren agar enriched with blood, hemin and menadione for the anaerobes, while Mueller-Hinton agar was employed for the facultative anaerobes. The production of beta-lactamases was evaluated through the biological and chromogenic cephalosporin methods. All tested isolates were sensitive to imipenem and 99.3 percent to amoxicillin/clavulanate association, while 16.1 percent showed resistance to amoxicillin and penicillin G, and 4.89 percent to cefoxitin. Resistance to metronidazole was just found in facultative anaerobes. Production of beta-lactamases was detected in 18.2 percent of the isolates and presented a correlation with resistance to beta-lactams.

Susceptibilidade de bactérias anaeróbias isoladas de infecções periimplantares e periodontais ao metronidazol, lincosaminas, macrolídeos e tetraciclina / Susceptibility of anaerobic bacteria isolated from periimplantar and periodontal infections to metronidazole, lincosamines, macrolides and tetracyclines

O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a susceptibilidade de microrganismos isolados de infecções periodontais e periimplantares ao metronidazol, lincosaminas, macrolídeos e tetraciclina. Foram testadas as seguintes drogas antimicrobianas: azitromicina, claritromicina, clindamicina, eritromicina, lincomicina, metronidazol e tetraciclina. Empregou-se o método de diluição da droga em ágar, sendo que o meio de cultura utilizado foi o ágar Wilkins-Chalgren. 187 isolados de bactérias anaeróbias obrigatórias e facultativas foram submetidos aos testes de susceptibilidade. O inóculo bacteriano foi padronizado em 105 células/botão, o qual foi transferido para as placas contendo os antimicrobianos e placas controle (sem droga) através de um replicador de Steers (Cefar Ltd, São Paulo, Brasil). Os resultados mostraram que a resistência à eritromicina, lincomicina e tetraciclina é mais disseminada entre os microrganismos isolados, sendo que a clindamicina, metronidazol, os novos macrolídeos mostraram maior efetividade.

Microbiota associada à osteomielite crônica dos maxilares: estudo de casos / Microbiota associated to osteomyelitis of the jaws: case study

Objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a microbiota de 8 casos de osteomielites crônicas dos maxilares através de cultura e PCR. Amostras de secreção foram coletadas e inoculadas em meios de cultura seletivos e não seletivos para o isolamento microbiano, seguido de incubação por diferentes períodos de tempo em aerobiose e anaerobiose. Amostras desses espécimes clínicos também foram submetidas à extração do DNA microbiano para detecção, por PCR, dos principais microrganismos envolvidos com essas infecções de cabeça e pescoço. Os isolados foram identificados por “kits” comerciais. Por cultura, os principais isolados pertenceram aos gêneros Streptococcus, Actinomyces, Peptostreptococcus, Fusobacterium e Porphyromonas, enquanto por PCR além dos microrganismos citados, destacaram-se, Eikenella corrodens e Campylobacter rectus

The aim of this study was to evaluate the microbiota of 8 lesions of chronic osteomyelitis of the jaws through culturing and PCR. Clinical samples of secretions from the lesions were collected and inoculated into selective and non-selective culture media for microbial isolation, followed by incubation in anaerobiosis and aerobiosis for several periods of time, at 37oC. Microbial DNA from these clinical samples were extracted and submitted to tests to verify the presence of the major pathogens involved in head and neck infections by PCR. Microorganisms detected by culture were identified by mean of commercial kits and biochemical tests. The most commonly cultivated microorganisms belonged to genera Streptococcus, Actinomyces, Peptostreptococcus, Fusobacterium, and Porphyromonas. In addition, besides these genera, Eikenella corrodens and Campylobacter rectus were the most frequently detected microorganisms by PCR

Susceptibility of strict and facultative anaerobes Isolated from endodontic infections to metronidazole and beta-lactams.

Endodontic infections are mixed aerobic-anaerobic infections and several microbial groups associated to these pathologies are also involved in orofacial infections. The goal of this study was to evaluate the susceptibility of microorganisms isolated from endodontic infections to beta-lactams and metronidazole and verify the production of beta-lactamases. Clinical specimens were collected from 58 endodontic infections of 52 patients. The microorganisms were isolated in selective and non-selective culture media, under anaerobiosis and aerobiosis, and identified using biochemical methods. In the susceptibility tests, it was used an agar dilution method, and Wilkins-Chalgren agar enriched with blood, hemin and menadione for the anaerobes, while Mueller-Hinton agar was employed for the facultative anaerobes. The production of beta-lactamases was evaluated through the biological and chromogenic cephalosporin methods. All tested isolates were sensitive to imipenem and 99.3% to amoxicillin/clavulanate association, while 16.1% showed resistance to amoxicillin and penicillin G, and 4.89% to cefoxitin. Resistance to metronidazole was just found in facultative anaerobes. Production of beta-lactamases was detected in 18.2% of the isolates and presented a correlation with resistance to beta-lactams.

Atividade antimicrobiana de materiais restauradores e selantes / Inhibitory activity of restorative materials and sealants

Avaliou-se a atividade inibitória de diferentes materiais restauradores e selantes de fóssulas e fissuras sobre microrganismos cariogênicos através do método de difusão em ágar, empregado-se o ágar Mueller-Hinton acrescido de 5 por cento de sangue desfribrinado de carneiro. Verificou-se que a maioria dos materiais testados apresentou alguma atividade inibitória frente aos microrganismos isolados, particularmente os cimentos ionoméricos. As resinas compostas, à exceção do Dyract, não evidenciaram atividade antimicrobiana